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Second Occupation of Cuba
The Second Occupation of Cuba〔The First Occupation occurred from 1898–1902 as part of the Spanish–American War.〕 or the Cuban Pacification was a major American military operation that began in September 1906. After the collapse of President Tomás Estrada Palma's regime, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered an invasion of Cuba and established an occupation that would continue for nearly four years. The goal of the operation was to prevent fighting between the Cubans, to protect North American economic interests, and to hold free elections. Following the election of José Miguel Gómez, in November 1908, Cuba was deemed stable enough to allow a withdrawal of American troops, which was completed in February 1909.〔Beede, pg. 28-30〕〔http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA506295〕
==Background==
Cuba and the United States signed the Cuban–American Treaty of Relations of 1903 (the Platt Amendment) on May 22, 1903, which was ratified in 1904. Article III stated:
The Government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the Government of Cuba.
The conflict between Cuba's liberal and moderate parties began during the presidential election of September 1905, in which Tomas Palma and his party rigged the election to ensure victory over the liberal's candidate, José Miguel Gómez. Because of this, the liberals orchestrated a revolt in August 1906. According to author Benjamin R. Beede; both the liberals and President Palma wanted the United States military to intervene, the latter hoping to use American forces in the suppression of the rebellion. So when Palma appealed to President Roosevelt to send the United States Army to Cuba, Roosevelt was reluctant and instead sent the Secretary of War William H. Taft and Assistant Secretary of State Robert Bacon to discuss a diplomatic solution to the problem. Arriving on September 19, Taft and Bacon were to congregate with the leaders of both parties on behalf of Roosevelt. Palma finally realized that Roosevelt would never see eye to eye with him, so he resigned on September 28, 1906.〔Minger, Ralph Eldin. "William H. Taft and the United States Intervention in Cuba in 1906." ''The Hispanic American Historical Review''. Vol. 41, No. 1 (Feb., 1961) , pp. 75–89. Duke University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2509992〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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